Reading 9--LI MINHUI

 1.Summary:

 The free culture movement is a social movement that advocates the freedom to disseminate and modify other people's creative works through media such as the Internet, in the form of free or open content.For example, many viewers or fans can see secondary creations based on original content on many video platforms.

 The background of the free culture movement was proposed by Lawrence Lessig, who believed that excessive copyright requirements are an obstacle to cultural production, knowledge sharing and technological innovation. And he gave 100 speeches a year on college campuses, sparking the Free Culture Movement.The term "free culture" was first used in 2003 during the World Summit on the Information Society, and licensing has been initiated by the Copyleft attitude team in France since 2001. In the Free Culture Movement in 2005 and 2006, Eric Müller and Benjamin Marko Hill criticized Creative Commons for lacking minimum standards of freedom. More normatively, in 2014, the Open Knowledge Foundation described the "open" definition of open content and open knowledge, which belongs to the definition of open source and free software.

 The Free Culture Movement takes the ideals of the Free and Open Source Software movement and extends them beyond the realm of software to all cultural and creative works.

2.Interesting point:

 Stallman distinguishes three categories: Works that should be free for actual use, works that represent opinions should be shareable but not changeable, and works of art or entertainment should be copyrighted (but only for 10 years). In a 2012 article, Stallman argued that video games should be free as software, not as works of art.

3.discussion point:

 a.How to balance copyright protection and intellectual content openness?

 b.The decline in market share in the news media industry has been blamed on free culture, but scholars like Clay Shirky claim that it is the market itself, not free culture, that is killing journalism.What is the reason for the decline in the market share of the news industry? It is worth our consideration.

 

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